Standard name Systematic name Name description Description
HEM1 YDR232W 5-aminolevulinate synthase 5-aminolevulinate synthase; catalyzes the first step in the heme biosynthetic pathway; an N-terminal signal sequence is required for localization to the mitochondrial matrix; expression is regulated by Hap2p-Hap3p; has a pyridoxal phosphate cofactor whose insertion is mediated by Mcx1p
Visualize the interactome of HEM1
Links to external databases:
SGD   |   KEGG   |  

Cell cycle phase and timing of transcription peak

Cell cycle phase Time (min)

CYCLoPs localization & abundance

WT1 WT2 WT3
Mito 0.957 0.845 0.940
Nuc Periphery 0.063 0.071 0.052
Nucleolus 0.087 NaN NaN
Vac/Vac Memb 0.102 0.227 NaN
Cell Periphery NaN 0.050 NaN
Golgi NaN 0.055 NaN
Peroxisome NaN NaN 0.081

GFP localization & abundance

GFP localization GFP abundance
mitochondrion 22600

GO term count

Metabolism Cell cycle Cell division Signal transduction DNA replication
HEM1 2 0 0 0 0

Enzyme information

Catalyzed reactions in Yeast8
r_0081 (5-aminolevulinate synthase)

List of interactors

Use the search utility to find the interactor you are looking for. By clicking the column headers the table will be sorted on that column. Use shift+click to sort on multiple columns. Default sorting is on number of experiments, number of unique methods and the number of publications, and alphabetical on standard name, in that order.
Standard name Systematic name Name description Type #Experiments #Methods #Publications Evidence
STB5 YHR178W Transcription factor regulation 3 3 2 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence, chromatin immunoprecipitation- exonuclease evidence, RNA-sequencing evidence
ELG1 YOR144C Subunit of an alternative replication factor C complex genetic 2 2 2 Synthetic Lethality, Negative Genetic
OAR1 YKL055C Mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] reductase genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ERG3 YLR056W C-5 sterol desaturase genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
CDC20 YGL116W Activator of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) genetic 2 2 1 Positive Genetic, Negative Genetic
MCX1 YBR227C Non-proteolytic ATPase of the AAA family physical 2 2 1 Affinity Capture-Western, Reconstituted Complex
FKH2 YNL068C Forkhead family transcription factor regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
MED2 YDL005C Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
MET32 YDR253C Zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factor regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
MET4 YNL103W Leucine-zipper transcriptional activator regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
SPT3 YDR392W Subunit of the SAGA and SAGA-like transcriptional regulatory complexes regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
UME6 YDR207C Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex subunit regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
HAS1 YMR290C ATP-dependent RNA helicase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HAP5 YOR358W Subunit of the Hap2p/3p/4p/5p CCAAT-binding complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ARL1 YBR164C Soluble GTPase with a role in regulation of membrane traffic genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BMH1 YER177W 14-3-3 protein, major isoform genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CBC2 YPL178W Small subunit of the heterodimeric cap binding complex with Sto1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DST1 YGL043W General transcription elongation factor TFIIS genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ACT1 YFL039C Actin, structural protein in cytoskeleton genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CDC24 YAL041W Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CDC10 YCR002C Component of the septin ring, required for cytokinesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CKS1 YBR135W Cyclin-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit and adaptor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DNA2 YHR164C ATP-dependent 5'-flap endonuclease and DNA helicase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
FPR1 YNL135C Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DHH1 YDL160C Cytoplasmic DEAD-box helicase and mRNA decapping activator physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
END3 YNL084C EH domain-containing protein involved in endocytosis genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
HEK2 YBL032W RNA binding protein involved in asymmetric localization of ASH1 mRNA physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
FET3 YMR058W Ferro-O2-oxidoreductase genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Rescue
CHK1 YBR274W Serine/threonine kinase and DNA damage checkpoint effector genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ADH3 YMR083W Mitochondrial alcohol dehydrogenase isozyme III genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CAT5 YOR125C Protein required for ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) biosynthesis genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
GID8 YMR135C Subunit of GID Complex, binds strongly to central component Vid30p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DIA2 YOR080W Origin-binding F-box protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CTF4 YPR135W Chromatin-associated protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BEM4 YPL161C Protein involved in establishment of cell polarity and bud emergence genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DAP1 YPL170W Heme-binding protein genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
ACO2 YJL200C Putative mitochondrial aconitase isozyme genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
AIM18 YHR198C Protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPN2 YOR262W Putative GTPase with a specific role in RNA pol II and polIII biogenes genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CST6 YIL036W Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor from ATF/CREB family genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BRE5 YNR051C Ubiquitin protease cofactor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BRN1 YBL097W Subunit of the condensin complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CSG2 YBR036C Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
CAF16 YFL028C Part of evolutionarily-conserved CCR4-NOT regulatory complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPR1 YDL035C Plasma membrane G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CLA4 YNL298W Cdc42p-activated signal transducing kinase genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
ENT2 YLR206W Epsin-like protein required for endocytosis and actin patch assembly genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ETT1 YOR051C Nuclear protein that inhibits replication of Brome mosaic virus genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HAC1 YFL031W Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (ATF/CREB1 homolog) genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
AUS1 YOR011W Plasma membrane sterol transporter of the ATP-binding cassette family genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
AGP2 YBR132C Plasma membrane regulator of polyamine and carnitine transport genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DNF1 YER166W Aminophospholipid translocase (flippase) genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
LTE1 YAL024C Protein similar to GDP/GTP exchange factors physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
LTE1 YAL024C Protein similar to GDP/GTP exchange factors genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SPB4 YFL002C Putative ATP-dependent RNA helicase physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
HEM1 YDR232W 5-aminolevulinate synthase physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
PAT1 YCR077C Deadenylation-dependent mRNA-decapping factor physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
SBP1 YHL034C Protein that binds eIF4G and has a role in repression of translation physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
PUF3 YLL013C Protein of the mitochondrial outer surface physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
SSC1 YJR045C Hsp70 family ATPase physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
PUF2 YPR042C PUF family mRNA-binding protein physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
ISW1 YBR245C ATPase subunit of imitation-switch (ISWI) class chromatin remodelers physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
MCX1 YBR227C Non-proteolytic ATPase of the AAA family genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
MPT5 YGL178W mRNA-binding protein of the PUF family physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
TIF4631 YGR162W Translation initiation factor eIF4G and scaffold protein physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
ROX3 YBL093C Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
IRE1 YHR079C Serine-threonine kinase and endoribonuclease genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
RSP5 YER125W NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligase genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
SKM1 YOL113W Member of the PAK family of serine/threonine protein kinases genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
SUT1 YGL162W Zn(II)2Cys6 family transcription factor genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
YEH1 YLL012W Steryl ester hydrolase genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
PDR11 YIL013C ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
ILV1 YER086W Threonine deaminase, catalyzes first step in isoleucine biosynthesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PFK1 YGR240C Alpha subunit of heterooctameric phosphofructokinase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PDC6 YGR087C Minor isoform of pyruvate decarboxylase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PDA1 YER178W E1 alpha subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PPT2 YPL148C Phosphopantetheine:protein transferase (PPTase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PNC1 YGL037C Nicotinamidase that converts nicotinamide to nicotinic acid genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TRR2 YHR106W Mitochondrial thioredoxin reductase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MET7 YOR241W Folylpolyglutamate synthetase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PCT1 YGR202C Cholinephosphate cytidylyltransferase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MSS51 YLR203C Specific translational activator for the mitochondrial COX1 mRNA genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
SEC27 YGL137W Essential beta'-coat protein of the COPI coatomer genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
TPS1 YBR126C Synthase subunit of trehalose-6-P synthase/phosphatase complex genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
SNF5 YBR289W Subunit of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeling complex genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
YLR012C YLR012C Putative protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
MSH2 YOL090W Protein that binds to DNA mismatches genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
STU1 YBL034C Microtubule plus-end-tracking non-motor protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MED8 YBR193C Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TIM22 YDL217C Essential core component of mitochondrial TIM22 complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPN1 YHR027C Non-ATPase base subunit of the 19S RP of the 26S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SEC22 YLR268W R-SNARE protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ORC1 YML065W Largest subunit of the origin recognition complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HSP10 YOR020C Mitochondrial matrix co-chaperonin genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPT4 YOR259C ATPase of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SGV1 YPR161C Cyclin (Bur2p)-dependent protein kinase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SEC17 YBL050W Alpha-SNAP cochaperone genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PGI1 YBR196C Glycolytic enzyme phosphoglucose isomerase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MOB2 YFL034C-B Activator of Cbk1p kinase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MAS2 YHR024C Alpha subunit of the mitochondrial processing protease (MPP) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RSC4 YKR008W Component of the RSC chromatin remodeling complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SMC4 YLR086W Subunit of the condensin complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NBP1 YLR457C Spindle pole body (SPB) component genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPC34 YNR003C RNA polymerase III subunit C34 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PRE2 YPR103W Beta 5 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
URA7 YBL039C Major CTP synthase isozyme (see also URA8) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MUM2 YBR057C Protein essential for meiotic DNA replication and sporulation genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MIS1 YBR084W Mitochondrial C1-tetrahydrofolate synthase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PBY1 YBR094W Putative tubulin tyrosine ligase associated with P-bodies genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YBR238C YBR238C Mitochondrial membrane protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SHG1 YBR258C Subunit of the COMPASS (Set1C) complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PTC1 YDL006W Type 2C protein phosphatase (PP2C) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HEM25 YDL119C Mitochondrial glycine transporter genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LPD1 YFL018C Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PEX14 YGL153W Central component of the peroxisomal importomer complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VAM7 YGL212W Vacuolar SNARE protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PEX4 YGR133W Peroxisomal ubiquitin conjugating enzyme genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TIM13 YGR181W Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MAL12 YGR292W Maltase (alpha-D-glucosidase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
INM1 YHR046C Inositol monophosphatase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VID28 YIL017C GID Complex subunit, serves as adaptor for regulatory subunit Vid24p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SYG1 YIL047C Plasma membrane protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PEX2 YJL210W RING-finger peroxin and E3 ubiquitin ligase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VPS24 YKL041W One of four subunits of the ESCRT-III complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MDM35 YKL053C-A Mitochondrial intermembrane space protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PEX1 YKL197C AAA-peroxin genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SAC1 YKL212W Phosphatidylinositol phosphate phosphatase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MEH1 YKR007W Subunit of the EGO/GSE complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SRL3 YKR091W Repressor of transcription at Start genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SAM37 YMR060C Component of the Sorting and Assembly Machinery (SAM) complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HFA1 YMR207C Mitochondrial acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
UBP8 YMR223W Ubiquitin-specific protease component of the SAGA acetylation complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SAP30 YMR263W Component of Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LAT1 YNL071W Dihydrolipoamide acetyltransferase component (E2) of the PDC genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PHO23 YNL097C Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VPS27 YNR006W Endosomal protein that forms a complex with Hse1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SIN3 YOL004W Component of both the Rpd3S and Rpd3L histone deacetylase complexes genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PEX15 YOL044W Tail-anchored type II integral peroxisomal membrane protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
IRC23 YOR044W Protein of unknown function involved in multidrug resistance genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VHS3 YOR054C Negative regulatory subunit of protein phosphatase 1 Ppz1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
WHI5 YOR083W Repressor of G1 transcription genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PDE2 YOR360C High-affinity cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MRX11 YPL041C Protein that associates with mitochondrial ribosome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
UME1 YPL139C Component of both the Rpd3S and Rpd3L histone deacetylase complexes genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PET20 YPL159C Mitochondrial protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LEA1 YPL213W Component of U2 snRNP complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NTG1 YAL015C DNA N-glycosylase and apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) lyase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HIR1 YBL008W Subunit of the HIR complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MET8 YBR213W Bifunctional dehydrogenase and ferrochelatase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
STE50 YCL032W Adaptor protein for various signaling pathways genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MGR1 YCL044C Subunit of the mitochondrial (mt) i-AAA protease supercomplex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SAT4 YCR008W Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in salt tolerance, nutrient response genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YCR090C YCR090C Putative protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MGT1 YDL200C DNA repair methyltransferase (6-O-methylguanine-DNA methylase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RAD4 YER162C Damaged-DNA binding subunit of Nuclear Excision Repair Factor 2 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MSH4 YFL003C Protein involved in meiotic recombination genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPS25A YGR027C Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YGR237C YGR237C Putative protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPL8A YHL033C Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L8A genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NAS2 YIL007C Evolutionarily conserved 19S regulatory particle assembly-chaperone genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SDL1 YIL167W Blocked reading frame otherwise encoding L-serine dehydratase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PHO86 YJL117W Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) resident protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YJR084W YJR084W Protein that forms a complex with Thp3p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YJR146W YJR146W Protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SFK1 YKL051W Protein that regulates phospholipid asymmetry at plasma membrane genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SDH1 YKL148C Flavoprotein subunit of succinate dehydrogenase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SPE1 YKL184W Ornithine decarboxylase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PAM17 YKR065C Constituent of the TIM23 complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
POM33 YLL023C Transmembrane nucleoporin genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SAM1 YLR180W S-adenosylmethionine synthetase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MMR1 YLR190W Phosphorylated protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NUP188 YML103C Subunit of the inner ring of the nuclear pore complex (NPC) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MGR3 YMR115W Subunit of the mitochondrial (mt) i-AAA protease supercomplex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RAD14 YMR201C Subunit of Nucleotide Excision Repair Factor 1 (NEF1) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PET8 YNL003C S-adenosylmethionine transporter of the mitochondrial inner membrane genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PMS1 YNL082W ATP-binding protein required for mismatch repair genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MKT1 YNL085W Protein similar to nucleases that forms a complex with Pbp1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YOL036W YOL036W Protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
INO4 YOL108C Transcription factor involved in phospholipid synthesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MSN1 YOL116W Transcriptional activator genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HST3 YOR025W Sirtuin, histone H3 deacetylase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MUM3 YOR298W Protein of unknown function involved in outer spore wall organization genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VTS1 YOR359W Flap-structured DNA-binding and RNA-binding protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RAD1 YPL022W Single-stranded DNA endonuclease (with Rad10p) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MET31 YPL038W Zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RTC6 YPL183W-A Protein involved in translation genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YME1 YPR024W Catalytic subunit of i-AAA protease complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MAK3 YPR051W Catalytic subunit of the NatC type N-terminal acetyltransferase (NAT) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MRL1 YPR079W Membrane protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CAB1 YDR531W Pantothenate kinase, ATP:D-pantothenate 4'-phosphotransferase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
AIM11 YER093C-A Protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
COQ8 YGL119W ATPase required for ubiquinone biosynthesis and respiratory growth physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
EOS1 YNL080C Protein involved in N-glycosylation genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
COQ2 YNR041C Para hydroxybenzoate polyprenyl transferase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CEM1 YER061C Mitochondrial beta-keto-acyl synthase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ATG15 YCR068W Phospholipase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
CHO1 YER026C Phosphatidylserine synthase genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
FIT1 YDR534C Mannoprotein that is incorporated into the cell wall genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ERG9 YHR190W Farnesyl-diphosphate farnesyl transferase (squalene synthase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CNE1 YAL058W Calnexin genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
AAT1 YKL106W Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic