Standard name Systematic name Name description Description
LDB19 YOR322C Alpha-arrestin, Ub-ligase adaptor for Rsp5p Alpha-arrestin, Ub-ligase adaptor for Rsp5p; regulates starvation- and substrate-induced Ub-dependent endocytosis of select plasma membrane localized amino acid transporters, recruiting Rsp5p to its targets; role in basal internalization and turnover of Ste2p, mating and zygote formation; recruits Rsp5p to Ste2p via its 2 PPXY motifs; inhibited by Npr1p-mediated phosphorylation, affecting cytosol and plasma membrane translocation; localization regulated by Rsp5p-dependent ubiquitination
Visualize the interactome of LDB19
Links to external databases:
SGD   |   KEGG   |  

Cell cycle phase and timing of transcription peak

Cell cycle phase Time (min)

CYCLoPs localization & abundance

WT1 WT2 WT3
Cort. Patches 0.148 0.112 0.115
Cytoplasm 0.727 0.717 0.782
ER 0.055 0.154 NaN
Endosome 0.094 NaN 0.064
Bud NaN 0.050 0.064
Cell Periphery NaN 0.067 0.051

GFP localization & abundance

GFP localization GFP abundance
no data no data

GO term count

Metabolism Cell cycle Cell division Signal transduction DNA replication
LDB19 3 0 0 0 0

List of interactors

Use the search utility to find the interactor you are looking for. By clicking the column headers the table will be sorted on that column. Use shift+click to sort on multiple columns. Default sorting is on number of experiments, number of unique methods and the number of publications, and alphabetical on standard name, in that order.
Standard name Systematic name Name description Type #Experiments #Methods #Publications Evidence
RSP5 YER125W NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligase physical 9 5 7 Affinity Capture-MS, Two-hybrid, Affinity Capture-Western, Biochemical Activity, Reconstituted Complex, Reconstituted Complex, Affinity Capture-MS, Biochemical Activity, Affinity Capture-Western
RIC1 YLR039C Protein involved in retrograde transport to the cis-Golgi network genetic 3 1 3 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
INO2 YDR123C Transcription factor genetic 3 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
CHS1 YNL192W Chitin synthase I genetic 2 2 2 Synthetic Lethality, Synthetic Growth Defect
MUP1 YGR055W High affinity methionine permease physical 2 2 2 Affinity Capture-Western, Two-hybrid
SSH4 YKL124W Specificity factor required for Rsp5p-dependent ubiquitination genetic 2 2 2 Negative Genetic, Synthetic Growth Defect
ACT1 YFL039C Actin, structural protein in cytoskeleton genetic 2 1 2 Positive Genetic, Positive Genetic
DHH1 YDL160C Cytoplasmic DEAD-box helicase and mRNA decapping activator physical 2 1 2 Affinity Capture-RNA, Affinity Capture-RNA
INO4 YOL108C Transcription factor involved in phospholipid synthesis genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
CDC13 YDL220C Single stranded DNA-binding protein found at TG1-3 telomere G-tails genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
CSG2 YBR036C Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
GGA1 YDR358W Golgi-localized protein with homology to gamma-adaptin genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RPC53 YDL150W RNA polymerase III subunit C53 genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
LRS4 YDR439W Nucleolar protein that forms a complex with Csm1p genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
MSC1 YML128C Protein of unknown function genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RIM9 YMR063W Plasma membrane protein of unknown function genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RPO31 YOR116C RNA polymerase III largest subunit C160 genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
YPT6 YLR262C Rab family GTPase genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RGP1 YDR137W Subunit of a Golgi membrane exchange factor (Ric1p-Rgp1p) genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RIM8 YGL045W Protein involved in proteolytic activation of Rim101p genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RIM21 YNL294C pH sensor molecule, component of the RIM101 pathway genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
TPM1 YNL079C Major isoform of tropomyosin genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
DEG1 YFL001W tRNA:pseudouridine synthase genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
NPR1 YNL183C Protein kinase genetic 2 2 1 Synthetic Growth Defect, Phenotypic Suppression
ROD1 YOR018W Alpha-arrestin involved in ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis genetic 2 2 1 Synthetic Growth Defect, Phenotypic Enhancement
ROG3 YFR022W Alpha-arrestin involved in ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis genetic 2 2 1 Synthetic Growth Defect, Phenotypic Enhancement
EPL1 YFL024C Subunit of NuA4, an essential histone H4/H2A acetyltransferase complex genetic 2 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect, Synthetic Growth Defect
GPI2 YPL076W Protein involved in the synthesis of GlcNAc-PI genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ADE12 YNL220W Adenylosuccinate synthase genetic 2 1 1 Synthetic Rescue, Synthetic Rescue
RHO1 YPR165W GTP-binding protein of the rho subfamily of Ras-like proteins physical 2 1 1 Reconstituted Complex, Reconstituted Complex
YNG2 YHR090C Subunit of NuA4, an essential histone acetyltransferase complex genetic 2 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect, Synthetic Growth Defect
TAF9 YMR236W Subunit (17 kDa) of TFIID and SAGA complexes genetic 2 1 1 Synthetic Lethality, Synthetic Lethality
MVD1 YNR043W Mevalonate pyrophosphate decarboxylase genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
GCN5 YGR252W Catalytic subunit of ADA and SAGA histone acetyltransferase complexes regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
RFX1 YLR176C Major transcriptional repressor of DNA-damage-regulated genes regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
CDC73 YLR418C Component of the Paf1p complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BRR2 YER172C RNA-dependent ATPase RNA helicase (DEIH box) genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
BRE1 YDL074C E3 ubiquitin ligase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CCR4 YAL021C Component of the CCR4-NOT transcriptional complex physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
ARD1 YHR013C Subunit of protein N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
BMH2 YDR099W 14-3-3 protein, minor isoform physical 1 1 1 Two-hybrid
CDC24 YAL041W Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ERG26 YGL001C C-3 sterol dehydrogenase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BNI1 YNL271C Formin genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
CHC1 YGL206C Clathrin heavy chain genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
CYS4 YGR155W Cystathionine beta-synthase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ELP2 YGR200C Subunit of Elongator complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
FIP1 YJR093C Subunit of cleavage polyadenylation factor (CPF) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CCT4 YDL143W Subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin Cct ring complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GGA2 YHR108W Protein that regulates Arf1p, Arf2p to facilitate Golgi trafficking genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Lethality
ISW1 YBR245C ATPase subunit of imitation-switch (ISWI) class chromatin remodelers physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
CRM1 YGR218W Nuclear export factor, exportin physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
HSC82 YMR186W Cytoplasmic chaperone of the Hsp90 family genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
IMG1 YCR046C Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
GEP3 YOR205C Protein required for mitochondrial ribosome small subunit biogenesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
AFG2 YLR397C ATPase of the CDC48/PAS1/SEC18 (AAA) family, forms a hexameric complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DOA4 YDR069C Ubiquitin hydrolase physical 1 1 1 Biochemical Activity
HSP82 YPL240C Hsp90 chaperone genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
HTA1 YDR225W Histone H2A genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CTI6 YPL181W Component of the Rpd3L histone deacetylase complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GLN1 YPR035W Glutamine synthetase (GS) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DRS2 YAL026C Trans-golgi network aminophospholipid translocase (flippase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HEK2 YBL032W RNA binding protein involved in asymmetric localization of ASH1 mRNA physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
GET3 YDL100C Guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Gpa1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ASA1 YPR085C Subunit of the ASTRA complex, involved in chromatin remodeling genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
IDH1 YNL037C Subunit of mitochondrial NAD(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BOL2 YGL220W Cytosolic protein involved in repression of iron regulon transcription genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BUL1 YMR275C Alpha-arrestin, component of the Rsp5p E3-ubiquitin ligase complex genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
HAL5 YJL165C Snf1p-related nutrient-responsive protein kinase genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
APL4 YPR029C Gamma-adaptin physical 1 1 1 PCA
HOF1 YMR032W F-BAR protein that regulates actin cytoskeleton organization genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
CSM1 YCR086W Nucleolar protein that mediates homolog segregation during meiosis I genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GTR1 YML121W Subunit of a TORC1-stimulating GTPase and the EGO/GSE complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ALY2 YJL084C Alpha arrestin, Ub-ligase adaptor for Rsp5p genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
KTI12 YKL110C Protein that plays a role in modification of tRNA wobble nucleosides genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ASK10 YGR097W Regulator of the Fps1p glycerol channel genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
IPL1 YPL209C Aurora kinase of chromosomal passenger complex genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Lethality
BRN1 YBL097W Subunit of the condensin complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DCD1 YHR144C Deoxycytidine monophosphate (dCMP) deaminase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CCZ1 YBR131W Subunit of a heterodimeric guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
ERG25 YGR060W C-4 methyl sterol oxidase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ALY1 YKR021W Alpha arrestin, substrate of calcineurin genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
DPM1 YPR183W Dolichol phosphate mannose (Dol-P-Man) synthase of ER membrane genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ERG5 YMR015C C-22 sterol desaturase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ECM21 YBL101C Alpha-arrestin, ubiquitin ligase adaptor for Rsp5p genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Lethality
ALG1 YBR110W Mannosyltransferase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
FMP32 YFL046W Regulator of mitochondrial proline metabolism genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HRQ1 YDR291W 3'-5' DNA helicase of the conserved RecQ family genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
BUL2 YML111W Alpha-arrestin, component of the Rsp5p E3-ubiquitin ligase complex genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
FMP23 YBR047W Putative protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
HOB2 YPR117W Protein with structural similarity to lipid transport protein Vps13p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BAR1 YIL015W Aspartyl protease secreted to periplasmic space of mating type a cell genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
COA3 YJL062W-A Mitochondrial protein required for cytochrome c oxidase assembly genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MUP1 YGR055W High affinity methionine permease genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
SLA1 YBL007C Cytoskeletal protein binding protein physical 1 1 1 Two-hybrid
NAB2 YGL122C Nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding protein physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
NPR1 YNL183C Protein kinase physical 1 1 1 Biochemical Activity
STE2 YFL026W Receptor for alpha-factor pheromone physical 1 1 1 Reconstituted Complex
SSB2 YNL209W Cytoplasmic ATPase that is a ribosome-associated molecular chaperone physical 1 1 1 Co-purification
RFA1 YAR007C Subunit of heterotrimeric Replication Protein A (RPA) physical 1 1 1 Two-hybrid
YPT1 YFL038C Rab family GTPase physical 1 1 1 Reconstituted Complex
RAS2 YNL098C GTP-binding protein physical 1 1 1 Reconstituted Complex
SLU7 YDR088C RNA splicing factor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NCR1 YPL006W Vacuolar membrane protein involved with Npc2p in sterol trafficking genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NUM1 YDR150W Protein required for nuclear migration genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
NAT1 YDL040C Subunit of protein N-terminal acetyltransferase NatA genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
POP2 YNR052C Subunit of Ccr4-Not complex that mediates 3' to 5' mRNA deadenylation genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
PPA2 YMR267W Mitochondrial inorganic pyrophosphatase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
YDJ1 YNL064C Type I HSP40 co-chaperone genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
TEL2 YGR099W Subunit of the ASTRA complex, involved in chromatin remodeling genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SMT3 YDR510W Ubiquitin-like protein of the SUMO family genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
LYP1 YNL268W Lysine permease genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Rescue
PMA1 YGL008C Plasma membrane P2-type H+-ATPase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SPF1 YEL031W P-type ATPase, ion transporter of the ER membrane genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MNN11 YJL183W Subunit of a Golgi mannosyltransferase complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VPS17 YOR132W Subunit of the membrane-associated retromer complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RIM101 YHL027W Cys2His2 zinc-finger transcriptional repressor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PEX18 YHR160C Peroxin genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SST2 YLR452C GTPase-activating protein for Gpa1p genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Enhancement
NFS1 YCL017C Cysteine desulfurase involved in iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
PBR1 YNL181W Putative oxidoreductase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
MCD1 YDL003W Essential alpha-kleisin subunit of the cohesin complex genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
YCH1 YGR203W Phosphatase with sequence similarity to Mih1p genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
ROF1 YHR177W Putative transcription factor containing a WOPR domain genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
POP5 YAL033W Subunit of both RNase MRP and nuclear RNase P genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LSM2 YBL026W Lsm (Like Sm) protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
POL3 YDL102W Catalytic subunit of DNA polymerase delta genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
QRI1 YDL103C UDP-N-acetylglucosamine pyrophosphorylase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NSE3 YDR288W Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PMI40 YER003C Mannose-6-phosphate isomerase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TFG2 YGR005C TFIIF (Transcription Factor II) middle subunit genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPP1 YHR062C Subunit of both RNase MRP and nuclear RNase P genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LSM8 YJR022W Lsm (Like Sm) protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NNF1 YJR112W Essential component of the outer kinetochore MIND complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
URA6 YKL024C Uridylate kinase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
UGP1 YKL035W UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (UGPase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPC25 YKL144C RNA polymerase III subunit C25 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VTI1 YMR197C Protein involved in cis-Golgi membrane traffic genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PRP24 YMR268C Splicing factor that reanneals snRNPs during spliceosome recycling genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPB11 YOL005C RNA polymerase II subunit B12.5 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SPC29 YPL124W Inner plaque spindle pole body (SPB) component genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NSL1 YPL233W Essential component of the MIND kinetochore complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PRE4 YFR050C Beta 7 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RNA15 YGL044C Component of the cleavage and polyadenylation factor I (CF I) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PSF2 YJL072C Subunit of the GINS complex (Sld5p, Psf1p, Psf2p, Psf3p) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NOP56 YLR197W Essential evolutionarily-conserved nucleolar protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LIP1 YMR298W Ceramide synthase subunit genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LST8 YNL006W Protein required for the transport of Gap1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SEC12 YNR026C Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SGV1 YPR161C Cyclin (Bur2p)-dependent protein kinase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SNQ2 YDR011W Plasma membrane ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RTR1 YER139C Dual specificity protein phosphatase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NMD2 YHR077C Protein involved in the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) pathway genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VPS36 YLR417W Component of the ESCRT-II complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MTG1 YMR097C Putative GTPase peripheral to the mitochondrial inner membrane genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SLA2 YNL243W Adaptor protein that links actin to clathrin and endocytosis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MRPL10 YNL284C Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SEA4 YBL104C Subunit of SEACAT, a subcomplex of the SEA complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SWC5 YBR231C Component of the SWR1 complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RVS161 YCR009C Amphiphysin-like lipid raft protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TPS2 YDR074W Phosphatase subunit of the trehalose-6-P synthase/phosphatase complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SPO71 YDR104C Meiosis-specific protein required for prospore membrane morphogenesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MET32 YDR253C Zinc-finger DNA-binding transcription factor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LSM6 YDR378C Lsm (Like Sm) protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RAD4 YER162C Damaged-DNA binding subunit of Nuclear Excision Repair Factor 2 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PIB2 YGL023C Phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate binding protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RTG2 YGL252C Sensor of mitochondrial dysfunction genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
UBA4 YHR111W E1-like protein that activates Urm1p before urmylation genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YJR084W YJR084W Protein that forms a complex with Thp3p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YET1 YKL065C Endoplasmic reticulum transmembrane protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MEH1 YKR007W Subunit of the EGO/GSE complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PUF3 YLL013C Protein of the mitochondrial outer surface genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ZDS1 YMR273C Protein with a role in regulating Swe1p-dependent polarized growth genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LSM7 YNL147W Lsm (Like Sm) protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SHR5 YOL110W Palmitoyltransferase subunit genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LGE1 YPL055C Protein involved in histone H2B ubiquitination genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TAF14 YPL129W Subunit of TFIID, TFIIF, INO80, SWI/SNF, and NuA3 complexes genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TUB4 YLR212C Gamma-tubulin genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
SGS1 YMR190C RecQ family nucleolar DNA helicase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
SAT4 YCR008W Ser/Thr protein kinase involved in salt tolerance, nutrient response genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
ARV1 YLR242C Cortical ER protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPI12 YMR281W ER membrane protein involved in the second step of GPI anchor assembly genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ERG24 YNL280C C-14 sterol reductase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPI19 YDR437W Subunit of GPI-GlcNAc transferase involved in synthesis of GlcNAc-PI genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
EAR1 YMR171C Specificity factor required for Rsp5p-dependent ubiquitination genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Growth Defect
HER2 YMR293C Subunit of the trimeric GatFAB AmidoTransferase(AdT) complex genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
HSP32 YPL280W Possible chaperone and cysteine protease genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
FMC1 YIL098C Mitochondrial matrix protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPI15 YNL038W Protein involved in the synthesis of GlcNAc-PI genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CBT1 YKL208W Protein involved in 5' RNA end processing genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ICE2 YIL090W Integral ER membrane protein with type-III transmembrane domains genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPI11 YDR302W ER membrane protein involved in a late step of GPI anchor assembly genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
IRS4 YKR019C EH domain-containing protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic