Standard name Systematic name Name description Description
PGM1 YKL127W Phosphoglucomutase, minor isoform Phosphoglucomutase, minor isoform; catalyzes the conversion from glucose-1-phosphate to glucose-6-phosphate, which is a key step in hexose metabolism; PGM1 has a paralog, PGM2, that arose from the whole genome duplication
Visualize the interactome of PGM1
Links to external databases:
SGD   |   KEGG   |  

Cell cycle phase and timing of transcription peak

Cell cycle phase Time (min)
G2 124

CYCLoPs localization & abundance

WT1 WT2 WT3
Cytoplasm 0.992 1.0 0.996

GFP localization & abundance

GFP localization GFP abundance
cytoplasm 9820

GO term count

Metabolism Cell cycle Cell division Signal transduction DNA replication
PGM1 6 0 0 0 0

Enzyme information

Catalyzed reactions in Yeast8
r_0888 (phosphoglucomutase), r_0907 (phosphopentomutase)

List of interactors

Use the search utility to find the interactor you are looking for. By clicking the column headers the table will be sorted on that column. Use shift+click to sort on multiple columns. Default sorting is on number of experiments, number of unique methods and the number of publications, and alphabetical on standard name, in that order.
Standard name Systematic name Name description Type #Experiments #Methods #Publications Evidence
PGM2 YMR105C Phosphoglucomutase genetic 9 4 7 Phenotypic Enhancement, Synthetic Growth Defect, Synthetic Lethality, Synthetic Lethality, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
BCK1 YJL095W MAPKKK acting in the protein kinase C signaling pathway genetic 5 1 4 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
SLT2 YHR030C Serine/threonine MAP kinase genetic 4 1 3 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
SEC53 YFL045C Phosphomannomutase genetic 4 1 3 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
AIM44 YPL158C Regulator of Cdc42p and Rho1p genetic 4 1 3 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
CHS5 YLR330W Component of the exomer complex genetic 3 1 3 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
HOC1 YJR075W Alpha-1,6-mannosyltransferase genetic 3 1 3 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
MNN11 YJL183W Subunit of a Golgi mannosyltransferase complex genetic 3 1 3 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ACT1 YFL039C Actin, structural protein in cytoskeleton genetic 3 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
EDE1 YBL047C Scaffold protein involved in the formation of early endocytic sites genetic 3 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
PKC1 YBL105C Protein serine/threonine kinase genetic 3 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
SLA1 YBL007C Cytoskeletal protein binding protein genetic 3 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
FKH1 YIL131C Forkhead family transcription factor regulation 2 2 2 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence, ChEC-Seq experiments
HCR1 YLR192C eIF3j component of translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ARC35 YNR035C Subunit of the ARP2/3 complex genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ANP1 YEL036C Subunit of the alpha-1,6 mannosyltransferase complex genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
VPS8 YAL002W Membrane-binding component of the CORVET complex genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
PMP3 YDR276C Small plasma membrane protein genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RHO2 YNL090W Non-essential small GTPase of the Rho/Rac family of Ras-like proteins genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RVS161 YCR009C Amphiphysin-like lipid raft protein genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
SAC7 YDR389W GTPase activating protein (GAP) for Rho1p genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
VPS27 YNR006W Endosomal protein that forms a complex with Hse1p genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
TUS1 YLR425W Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) that modulates Rho1p activity genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
PPZ1 YML016C Serine/threonine protein phosphatase Z, isoform of Ppz2p genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RPN6 YDL097C Essential, non-ATPase regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome lid genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RPT3 YDR394W ATPase of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
PRE2 YPR103W Beta 5 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
PRE7 YBL041W Beta 6 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ERV15 YBR210W Protein involved in export of proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ERD1 YDR414C Predicted membrane protein required for lumenal ER protein retention genetic 2 1 2 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
TCP1 YDR212W Alpha subunit of chaperonin-containing T-complex genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RSP5 YER125W NEDD4 family E3 ubiquitin ligase genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
PIN4 YBL051C Protein involved in G2/M phase progression and response to DNA damage genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
ROM2 YLR371W Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Rho1p and Rho2p genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RGL1 YPL066W Regulator of Rho1p signaling, cofactor of Tus1p genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
PAL1 YDR348C Protein of unknown function thought to be involved in endocytosis genetic 2 1 1 Negative Genetic, Negative Genetic
RFX1 YLR176C Major transcriptional repressor of DNA-damage-regulated genes regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
FKH2 YNL068C Forkhead family transcription factor regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
GCR1 YPL075W Transcriptional activator of genes involved in glycolysis regulation 1 1 1 DNA to cDNA expression microarray evidence
MSN2 YMR037C Stress-responsive transcriptional activator regulation 1 1 1 RNA-sequencing evidence
RAP1 YNL216W Essential DNA-binding transcription regulator that binds many loci regulation 1 1 1 DNA to cDNA expression microarray evidence
YAP6 YDR259C Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
SIN4 YNL236W Subunit of the RNA polymerase II mediator complex regulation 1 1 1 DNA to cDNA expression microarray evidence
MSN4 YKL062W Stress-responsive transcriptional activator regulation 1 1 1 RNA-sequencing evidence
YAP5 YIR018W Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) iron-sensing transcription factor regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
CIN5 YOR028C Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor of the yAP-1 family regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
TUP1 YCR084C General repressor of transcription in complex with Cyc8p regulation 1 1 1 DNA to cDNA expression microarray evidence
CTR9 YOL145C Component of the Paf1p complex involved in transcription elongation regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
UGA3 YDL170W Transcriptional activator for GABA-dependent induction of GABA genes regulation 1 1 1 chromatin immunoprecipitation-chip evidence
NSE3 YDR288W Component of the SMC5-SMC6 complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
ECM2 YBR065C Pre-mRNA splicing factor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MAK21 YDR060W Constituent of 66S pre-ribosomal particles genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NPL3 YDR432W RNA-binding protein genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Rescue
NIP1 YMR309C eIF3c subunit of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 (eIF3) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NAB2 YGL122C Nuclear polyadenylated RNA-binding protein physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
EFT2 YDR385W Elongation factor 2 (EF-2), also encoded by EFT1 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BEM1 YBR200W Protein containing SH3-domains genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CDC24 YAL041W Guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Cdc42p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CDC11 YJR076C Component of the septin ring that is required for cytokinesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DHH1 YDL160C Cytoplasmic DEAD-box helicase and mRNA decapping activator physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
LST8 YNL006W Protein required for the transport of Gap1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MCD1 YDL003W Essential alpha-kleisin subunit of the cohesin complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
IMG2 YCR071C Mitochondrial ribosomal protein of the large subunit genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MLC2 YPR188C Regulatory light chain for the type II myosin Myo1p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
IES1 YFL013C Subunit of the INO80 chromatin remodeling complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GIM3 YNL153C Subunit of the heterohexameric cochaperone prefoldin complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PAC10 YGR078C Part of the heteromeric co-chaperone GimC/prefoldin complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NAB6 YML117W Putative RNA-binding protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
INP52 YNL106C Polyphosphatidylinositol phosphatase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PFK2 YMR205C Beta subunit of heterooctameric phosphofructokinase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CCT6 YDR188W Subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin Cct ring complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
FDH1 YOR388C NAD(+)-dependent formate dehydrogenase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
BRE2 YLR015W Subunit of COMPASS (Set1C) complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
NOB1 YOR056C Protein involved in proteasomal and 40S ribosomal subunit biogenesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPH1 YPR160W Glycogen phosphorylase required for the mobilization of glycogen genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LAM5 YFL042C Putative sterol transfer protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
IRA2 YOL081W GTPase-activating protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HYP2 YEL034W Translation elongation factor eIF-5A genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CMK1 YFR014C Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase physical 1 1 1 Biochemical Activity
CCT5 YJR064W Subunit of the cytosolic chaperonin Cct ring complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CDC9 YDL164C DNA ligase I found in nucleus and mitochondria genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
HSP104 YLL026W Disaggregase physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
DDC1 YPL194W DNA damage checkpoint protein genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
MLH3 YPL164C Protein involved in DNA mismatch repair and meiotic recombination physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
CAT5 YOR125C Protein required for ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q) biosynthesis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CDC60 YPL160W Cytosolic leucyl tRNA synthetase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HOG1 YLR113W Mitogen-activated protein kinase involved in osmoregulation physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
RAD59 YDL059C Protein involved DNA double-strand break repair physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
PTK2 YJR059W Serine/threonine protein kinase physical 1 1 1 Biochemical Activity
TPK1 YJL164C cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit physical 1 1 1 Biochemical Activity
RPN1 YHR027C Non-ATPase base subunit of the 19S RP of the 26S proteasome physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
RPN10 YHR200W Proteasome polyubiquitin receptor physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
RPN11 YFR004W Metalloprotease subunit of 19S regulatory particle physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
PHO85 YPL031C Cyclin-dependent kinase physical 1 1 1 Biochemical Activity
PSK2 YOL045W PAS-domain containing serine/threonine protein kinase physical 1 1 1 Reconstituted Complex
PSK2 YOL045W PAS-domain containing serine/threonine protein kinase genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
SPT7 YBR081C Subunit of the SAGA transcriptional regulatory complex physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
SRO9 YCL037C Cytoplasmic RNA-binding protein physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
SSB2 YNL209W Cytoplasmic ATPase that is a ribosome-associated molecular chaperone physical 1 1 1 Co-purification
SND2 YLR065C Protein involved in SRP-independent targeting of substrates to the ER physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
SND3 YBR106W Involved in SRP-independent protein targeting to the ER physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-MS
RAS2 YNL098C GTP-binding protein genetic 1 1 1 Phenotypic Suppression
PSK1 YAL017W PAS domain-containing serine/threonine protein kinase genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
RIM11 YMR139W Protein kinase genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
YGK3 YOL128C Protein kinase related to mammalian GSK-3 glycogen synthase kinases genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
POP4 YBR257W Subunit of both RNase MRP and nuclear RNase P genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPT2 YDL007W ATPase of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RLI1 YDR091C Essential Fe-S protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SKI8 YGL213C Ski complex component and WD-repeat protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SWP1 YMR149W Delta subunit of the oligosaccharyl transferase glycoprotein complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SCS7 YMR272C Sphingolipid alpha-hydroxylase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
RBK1 YCR036W Ribokinase, phosphorylates ribose to ribose-5-phosphate genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SBA1 YKL117W Co-chaperone that binds and regulates Hsp90 family chaperones genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Lethality
VPH1 YOR270C Subunit a of the vacuolar-ATPase V0 domain genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
TEL2 YGR099W Subunit of the ASTRA complex, involved in chromatin remodeling genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
UBA4 YHR111W E1-like protein that activates Urm1p before urmylation genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RIM101 YHL027W Cys2His2 zinc-finger transcriptional repressor genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPN5 YDL147W Subunit of the CSN and 26S proteasome lid complexes genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPN3 YER021W Essential non-ATPase regulatory subunit of the 26S proteasome lid genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PRE3 YJL001W Beta 1 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SMX3 YPR182W Core Sm protein Sm F genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
RFT1 YBL020W Membrane protein required for translocation of Man5GlcNac2-PP-Dol genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PRE1 YER012W Beta 4 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PUP3 YER094C Beta 3 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SCL1 YGL011C Alpha 1 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TIM54 YJL054W Component of the mitochondrial TIM22 complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PRE6 YOL038W Alpha 4 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PUP1 YOR157C Beta 2 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPT4 YOR259C ATPase of the 19S regulatory particle of the 26S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PRE10 YOR362C Alpha 7 subunit of the 20S proteasome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SNU56 YDR240C Component of U1 snRNP required for mRNA splicing via spliceosome genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
TAD3 YLR316C Subunit of tRNA-specific adenosine-34 deaminase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPC34 YNR003C RNA polymerase III subunit C34 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
STP22 YCL008C Component of the ESCRT-I complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RVS167 YDR388W Calmodulin-binding actin-associated protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPL23B YER117W Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L23B genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPS11B YBR048W Protein component of the small (40S) ribosomal subunit genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPP1A YDL081C Ribosomal stalk protein P1 alpha genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPL35B YDL136W Ribosomal 60S subunit protein L35B genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SWI5 YDR146C Transcription factor that recruits Mediator and Swi/Snf complexes genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPA14 YDR156W RNA polymerase I subunit A14 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SGF73 YGL066W Subunit of DUBm module of SAGA and SLIK genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
QCR9 YGR183C Subunit 9 of ubiquinol cytochrome-c reductase (Complex III) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YGR237C YGR237C Putative protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YHR112C YHR112C Protein of unknown function genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
WHI2 YOR043W Negative regulator of TORC1 in response to limiting leucine genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RIM20 YOR275C Protein involved in proteolytic activation of Rim101p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RMI1 YPL024W Subunit of the RecQ (Sgs1p) - Topo III (Top3p) complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YLL053C YLL053C Putative protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SRN2 YLR119W Component of the ESCRT-I complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
YPS1 YLR120C Aspartic protease genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VRP1 YLR337C Verprolin, proline-rich actin-associated protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VPS36 YLR417W Component of the ESCRT-II complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
VAN1 YML115C Component of the mannan polymerase I genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SLA2 YNL243W Adaptor protein that links actin to clathrin and endocytosis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
RPA49 YNL248C RNA polymerase I subunit A49 genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
PPQ1 YPL179W Protein phosphatase that regulates the mating response genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
USO1 YDL058W Essential protein involved in vesicle-mediated ER to Golgi transport genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
UFO1 YML088W F-box receptor protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
UBX3 YDL091C Clathrin-coated vesicle component, regulator of endocytosis genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
SGS1 YMR190C RecQ family nucleolar DNA helicase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
ELG1 YOR144C Subunit of an alternative replication factor C complex genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
MCK1 YNL307C Dual-specificity ser/thr and tyrosine protein kinase genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
FCF1 YDR339C PINc domain endonuclease genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GNA1 YFL017C Glucosamine-6-phosphate acetyltransferase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GTR1 YML121W Subunit of a TORC1-stimulating GTPase and the EGO/GSE complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GNP1 YDR508C Broad specificity amino acid permease genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
DAL81 YIR023W Positive regulator of genes in multiple nitrogen degradation pathways genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MCM1 YMR043W Transcription factor genetic 1 1 1 Synthetic Rescue
BFR1 YOR198C Component of mRNP complexes associated with polyribosomes physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
PAN1 YIR006C Part of actin cytoskeleton-regulatory complex Pan1p-Sla1p-End3p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
OST4 YDL232W Subunit of the oligosaccharyltransferase complex of the ER lumen genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GAP1 YKR039W General amino acid permease genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MPT5 YGL178W mRNA-binding protein of the PUF family physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
CSG2 YBR036C Endoplasmic reticulum membrane protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
BNR1 YIL159W Formin genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
NNF2 YGR089W Protein that exhibits physical and genetic interactions with Rpb8p genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
CPR7 YJR032W Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase (cyclophilin) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HAC1 YFL031W Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factor (ATF/CREB1 homolog) physical 1 1 1 Affinity Capture-RNA
GAB1 YLR459W Subunit of the glycosylphosphatidylinositol transamidase complex genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
EPO1 YMR124W Protein involved in septin-ER tethering genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
FRA1 YLL029W Protein involved in negative regulation of iron regulon transcription genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
HRQ1 YDR291W 3'-5' DNA helicase of the conserved RecQ family genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
AIM22 YJL046W Lipoate-protein ligase genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MET10 YFR030W Subunit alpha of assimilatory sulfite reductase genetic 1 1 1 Positive Genetic
LEU9 YOR108W Alpha-isopropylmalate synthase II (2-isopropylmalate synthase) genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MUB1 YMR100W MYND domain-containing protein genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
FPS1 YLL043W Aquaglyceroporin, plasma membrane channel genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GUP1 YGL084C Plasma membrane protein involved in remodeling GPI anchors genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
LGE1 YPL055C Protein involved in histone H2B ubiquitination genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
MRK1 YDL079C Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) homolog genetic 1 1 1 Dosage Rescue
NAR1 YNL240C Subunit of the cytosolic iron-sulfur (FeS) protein assembly machinery genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic
GPI11 YDR302W ER membrane protein involved in a late step of GPI anchor assembly genetic 1 1 1 Negative Genetic